CLASSE Safety Handbook

Chemical Training

If you and your supervisor agree your work involves significant use of chemicals, you may be asked to take one or more training sessions either at EHS, CLASSE, or both.

When we must use substantial quantities of dangerous chemicals such as in cleaning and etching high vacuum components and niobium super-conducting RF cavities, we use special facilities to do this work safely in our Chem Room in Newman Lab. Anyone who uses or works at CLASSE must receive special training from a CLASSE Chem Room Technician.

Safety Data Sheets

Safety Data Sheets (SDS) provide information about chemicals and other products. Each sheet includes information about one product's ingredients, usage, hazards and emergency procedures. Supervisors must provide any relevant SDS as part of preparing an employee or student to use a new product or chemical. Workers must read them to be prepared to use the product safely. As an example, examine this sulfuric acid SDS. Note that SDS do not all look alike because different manufacturers provide them.

SDS binders are located in the first floor receiving area in Wilson Lab and in the business office of Newman (Room 134) Lab. Smaller sets of chemicals commonly used in those locations are kept in the Newman chemical room (B50D) and some of the shops. When looking up a product, try the brand name and/or the product type. For example, Acme Ant Gel may be under Acme and/or under Ant Gel. Cornell EHS provides links to many searchable SDS websites on its SDS page. You can also locate them via web search engine, or at the SIRI site or the local CHESS site. If you cannot find the SDS you need, EHS can get it for you upon request.

After reading an SDS and learning about the hazards associated with a chemical or other product, be sure to discuss with your supervisor, or the area supervisor, your own plans for using the product and what precautions you plan to take. If you plan to use a chemical you've used before, but in a different location, please check with the supervisor of that area in order to ensure safety. If you have not used the chemical before, you or your supervisor must discuss your plans with the CLASSE Safety Director.

Chemical Warning Labels

OSHA requires that manufactured chemical products come labeled with the chemical name, hazard warnings, handling precautions, and manufacturer's name and address. Leave these labels in place and do not obscure or deface them.

There is a standard for such labels established by the NFPA (National Fire Protection Association). Quoting from the NFPA 704 FAQ on what is sometimes known as "the NFPA Diamond": "The standard provides a readily recognized, easily understood system for identifying specific hazards and their severity using spatial, visual, and numerical methods to describe in simple terms the relative hazards of a material. It addresses the health [left, blue], flammability [top, red], instability [right, yellow], and related [bottom, white] hazards that may be presented as short-term, acute exposures that are most likely to occur as a result of fire, spill, or similar emergency." Each colored diamond is numbered as 0 (no hazard), 1, 2, 3, or 4 (most hazardous). An example appears at right and a guide is shown below.

Common Chemicals and Hazardous Materials

No matter how harmless a chemical may appear, it can be dangerous. More accidents happen with common chemicals than with chemicals used for special purposes. Some examples of the hazards involving the following chemicals that are commonly used at the Lab:

Methanol, isopropanol, ethanol, and acetone are all common chemicals that are used throughout CLASSE for cleaning equipment as well as other purposes. All of them are flammable and can be explosive if used improperly. Excessive exposure by inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion can cause serious health consequences. They should be used in either a fume hood or a well ventilated area. Gloves and eye protection are required when working with these chemicals. None of these are drain-disposable. All must be treated as hazardous waste and disposed of by Cornell’s EHS.

Lead metal, unlike the "lead" in leaded gasoline, cannot be absorbed through the skin. However, it is harmful if inhaled or ingested because it gets into the blood stream. It is a cumulative poison that may cause decreased physical fitness, fatigue, sleep disturbance, headaches, abdominal pain, kidney damage, brain damage, and other severe conditions. Never cut, sand or machine lead bricks without special training. Always wear gloves (leather or rubber) and protective footwear when handling lead and wash your hands afterward. Sweep up any chips created by machining lead and give them to the rigging crew or EHS for recycling.

Beryllium: Beryllium is a silver-gray metal that has been produced for various industrial uses since the late 1950s. Inhalation of beryllium particles can cause a serious illness in certain people. This illness is chronic beryllium disease, or CBD—an irreversible and sometimes fatal scarring of the lungs. Do not touch Beryllium-containing components with bare hands.

Articles that may contain Beryllium include (but are not limited to):

• X-ray transparent containers, in particular as a part of specimen holders.
• X-ray windows on detectors (Bicron, Amptek), or beamline components such as flight tubes.
• High heatload compatible components.
• Ceramics used in electronics devices and other equipment.
• Springs, switches and relays.
• High-strength non-sparking tools.

These items present little risk of inhalation as long as they are not broken and no beryllium oxide is allowed to form. If your work involves the use of beryllium-containing items, find and follow the relevant standard operating procedures. Treat any broken or oxidized beryllium-containing article as hazardous waste.

Epoxies can harm eyes and skin, so wear safety glasses and rubber gloves and work with them only in well ventilated areas. Epoxies are especially dangerous when heated or when dust is created. Even epoxy vapors may be toxic.

Protective Clothing

Every chemical is potentially hazardous, so take simple precautions if you use any. Do not wear contact lenses, shorts, skirts, or open-toed shoes. Restrain long hair.

You must wear appropriate protection when you work with chemicals. Possible protective clothing you should use includes aprons, lab coats, boots, acid gloves, safety glasses, and face shields. After using reusable items, such as acid gloves, wash them thoroughly for the protection of the next user.

Eye Wash and Shower

Eye washes and/or showers are located at several locations in Wilson Lab, Newman Lab, and the Physical Sciences Building. If you are working with hazardous chemicals, read the SDS to find out if eyewashes and showers might be useful in the event of a spill, and familiarize yourself with the nearest such station's location and operation. The wearing of appropriate protective clothing should, in most cases, prevent the need for such situations.

Chemical Purchase and Disposal

If you plan to purchase any chemicals, keep in mind that disposal of both unused and waste chemicals costs money. Purchase only the quantities of chemicals you need. These chemicals have hazards associated with them. Obtain, read, and understand the SDS for the chemical before you purchase it. Use that information to plan and prepare to use it safely. Discuss your plan with your supervisor and a Chem Room Technician, or the CLASSE Safety Director. Give copies of the SDS to anyone who will be working with it and put a copy in the SDS binders.

As the purchaser, you are responsible for storing chemicals safely and labeling them correctly. Never leave chemicals in unlabeled containers. Aside from presenting unknown dangers to those working around the chemicals, identification and disposal of the chemicals involves a costly analytical process.

Disposal of chemicals requires environmental responsibility. Never pour anything down a sink or throw anything away before checking the chemical's SDS and Section 7 of the Cornell Chemical Hygiene Plan (available in the Newman and CHESS Chem Rooms, the Business Office, and near the Wilson loading dock). Chemicals clearly identified as non-hazardous in the plan should be marked "Non-Hazardous" and put directly in the dumpster. Custodians are not allowed to dispose of any chemical.

For hazardous chemicals that must be disposed of by EHS, follow the EHS instructions: obtain a Cornell Hazardous Waste tag from the Newman or Wilson chemical rooms or by requesting one from this email address, fill it out (leaving top copy with the waste) and make the pickup request online from EHS. Store the chemical in secondary containment with a copy of the SDS nearby. EHS should pick it up within 3 days. If you still have questions, check with your supervisor, the Newman or CHESS Chemical Room Technicians, the CLASSE Safety Director, or EHS.

Procedures for purchase and disposal of chemicals (and compressed gases) are different for the Physical Sciences Building. All materials not delivered through the building loading dock must be registered with the Safety Manager and bar-coded. Empties are dealt with by placing the bar code on this form and sending it as instructed on that form.